Change WorkFlow of an Item by Attribute

The workflow is static. So the simple answer (answered already many times in the forum) is no.
What you can do is to create an advisor/precondition that prevents a state change/workflow action based on attribute information. See Only Owner Can Close WorkItem Advisor for a simple example. The blog has examples for the API e.g. related to state changes and there also should be a way to find out what the selected workflow action was, if needed.