In our test project, I ran a new query that included the Status
column. The work Items I created have the expected status values
(i.e., Submitted, Approved, etc.), however some of the queries like
"Define an interation plan" has a status value of
"1". Someone else in our group ran a query where a status
result was "3". What do the numerical status values equate
to? Is there a list of those values and their meanings?

When you see these numbers for 'Status' is the UI, this is a sign that you
have work items in a state which no longer belong to any workflow.
The numbers are the internal IDs of the state and are usually resolved to
the name/icon that is configured in the process configuration.

So the reason is that there is no state in your process configuration with
an ID of 1 or 3.

If that's the case, here are two possible solutions:

1) Re-introduce these states in the process configuration
2) Query for these broken states and re-initialize the workflows, e.g. by
temporarily changing the work item's type.

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Regards,
Patrick
Jazz Work Item Team